Auxiliaries
I) Primary Auxiliary (work as helping verb as well as Verb)
1)To Be : am /is /are,was were/been/being
2) To Have: have/has/Had/having
3) to do : do/does/did
Examples: a)Vijay is playing on the ground. (is -helping verb)
b)Vijay is an Engineer. (is- verb)
c)Sonal has completed her assignment. (Has -helping verb)
d)Sonal has two brothers.(Has- Verb)
e)Indian team had won the world cup in 1983. (had -HelpingVerb )
f)Indian team had Ravi Shastri as a coach. (Had-verb)
II) Modal Auxiliary
1)Can - Present Ability /Informal request
2) Could-Past Ability/Formal polite request
3)May -Permission/Possibility/Wish
4) Might-Weak possibility
5)Must-Obligation/duty/compulsion/
Must not- Prohibition
6)Shall-Express future tense/Command
7)Will -Express Future tense/Certainty
8)should -Suggestion /Advice
9)would -Past habit/Willingness (Present)
10) used to-Discontinued past habit
11)ought to -Moral Obligation
12)dare to -Courage/boldness
13) Need to -Necessity
Examples
Can -Express Ability
My friend can speak French language.
Sonam can draw pictures.
Could -Past Ability /Polite request
I could attend seminar last week.
could you help me to solve this puzzle.
May -Permission/Possibility/Wish (70 %)
May i come in ,madam?
It may rain today.
May God bless you.
Might -Least possibility ( 30%)
Her friend might join you in wedding .
It might rain today.
Must -Obligation/Compulsion/duty
All Students must wear school uniforms.
He must solve this exercise in Notebook.
Mustn't -Prohibition
Manoj mustn't /must not use mobile examination.
They must not watch this match.
Shall -Express Future /Command (With second & third person noun)
I shall go to college tomorrow.
He shall report at 9.00 am in the morning to head officer.
You shall present your examination hall ticket as per demand.
Will -Express Future /Certainty
She will cook food for her father.
I will teach you English grammar in simple method.
Should-Suggestion/Advice
You should work hard.
Students should complete their task in time.
You should meet your class teacher tomrrow.
Would- Past Habit/Willingness
I would wear a tie in my school days.
I would like to give a gift on this valentine day .
Used to -Discontinued past habit
The train used to halt at village at 6.00 A.M.(Now train doesn't stop)
I used to drink coffee.( Now I don't drink coffee)
Ought to- Moral Obligation
You ought to help your neighbours.
You ought to donate something fo needy one.
Dare to- Courage /Boldness
He dare to talk to the Principal directly.
I dare say you are a fool.
Need to :Necessity
She need to explain the reason in detail.
He need not go there.
Exercise:
1.Don't skip meal. (Rewrite using should)
Ans:You should not skip meal.
2.My mother would set up an establishment.(Use 'Used to')
Ans:My mother used to set up an establishment.
3.Mahesh has to work as hard as he can.(Rewrite the sentence using obligation in the sentence.)
Ans:Mahesh must work as hard as he can.
4.She used to visit her friend every day.(Rewrite the sentence showing possibility)
Ans:She may visit her friend every day.
5.The train may come late due to heavy rain.(make it least possibility)
Ans: The Train might come late due to heavy rain.
Activity :1
1.I was able to swim in river.(Rewrite using 'Could')
2.The government officers would get transfer every year.(Remove :Would)
3.You should follow traffic rules.(use modal auxiliary showing command)
4. the Sparrow can come and pick up crumbs from my hand.(Use modal auxiliary showing possibility)
5.Veena could manage to leave the home in time to catch the train.(Use modal to show 'Obligation ')
